Lieberman Lab· Notre Dame Chemistry & Biochemistry

Paper Analytical Devices

Test cards that can quickly determine whether a drug tablet contains the correct medicines — cheap, chemical-free, deployable anywhere.

A completed PAD test card

Many of the pharmaceuticals purchased in the developing world are substandard or outright fake drugs. Study after study reveals pervasive poor quality and products that are worthless or even harmful to patients. Many countries lack the technological infrastructure or regulatory resources to keep low-quality medicines off the market shelves — and since pharmaceuticals are a lucrative global market, low-quality medicine can cross borders and harm people anywhere in the world.

Low quality pharmaceuticals are a global problem

The World Health Organization estimates that 10–30 % of the pharmaceuticals purchased in the developing world are substandard or outright fake. Many countries do not have the technological infrastructure or regulatory resources to keep low quality medicines off their market shelves.

We are making tools to solve this problem

Paper analytical devices (PADs) are test cards that can quickly determine whether a drug tablet contains the correct medicines. They are cheap and easy to use — they don't require power, chemicals, solvents, or any expensive instruments — so they can be deployed rapidly at large scale wherever a problem with pharmaceutical quality is suspected.

We also produce drug-checking test strips for community harm-reduction groups screening for fentanyl and xylazine in the illicit drug supply, and publish per-lot quality-control data on our test strip dashboards.

We are leveling the playing field

These little test cards could change the balance of power between sellers and buyers. Right now, most buyers have to trust what the seller tells them about the quality of the pharmaceuticals they purchase. Unscrupulous manufacturers and distributors know there is little chance their medicines will ever be screened in a lab. Paper test cards don't need a lab — they enable people all over the world to quickly detect low quality medicines and remove them from the market.

Where to go from here · 1 live tool · 2 live dashboards · 1 external site
PAD Cards Browse
Browse cards from any of our projects (Notre Dame CRC, MSH Tanzania, ChemoPAD, and others). Filter by project, sample, and issue status.
Open browser →
Test Strip Dashboards Live
Per-lot QC results for fentanyl and xylazine test strips, rebuilt weekly from our lot-checking form submissions.
Open dashboards →
Dataset Registry Data
Curated PAD image datasets for machine-learning research, published with per-release schemas.
Registry site →
PAD Project at Notre Dame
The parent research program at Notre Dame — publications, collaborators, deeper background.
padproject.nd.edu →